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# engine/url.py # Copyright (C) 2005-2021 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors # <see AUTHORS file> # # This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under # the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php """Provides the :class:`~sqlalchemy.engine.url.URL` class which encapsulates information about a database connection specification. The URL object is created automatically when :func:`~sqlalchemy.engine.create_engine` is called with a string argument; alternatively, the URL is a public-facing construct which can be used directly and is also accepted directly by ``create_engine()``. """ import re from .interfaces import Dialect from .. import exc from .. import util from ..dialects import plugins from ..dialects import registry class URL(object): """ Represent the components of a URL used to connect to a database. This object is suitable to be passed directly to a :func:`~sqlalchemy.create_engine` call. The fields of the URL are parsed from a string by the :func:`.make_url` function. The string format of the URL is an RFC-1738-style string. All initialization parameters are available as public attributes. :param drivername: the name of the database backend. This name will correspond to a module in sqlalchemy/databases or a third party plug-in. :param username: The user name. :param password: database password. :param host: The name of the host. :param port: The port number. :param database: The database name. :param query: A dictionary of options to be passed to the dialect and/or the DBAPI upon connect. """ def __init__( self, drivername, username=None, password=None, host=None, port=None, database=None, query=None, ): self.drivername = drivername self.username = username self.password_original = password self.host = host if port is not None: self.port = int(port) else: self.port = None self.database = database self.query = query or {} def __to_string__(self, hide_password=True): s = self.drivername + "://" if self.username is not None: s += _rfc_1738_quote(self.username) if self.password is not None: s += ":" + ( "***" if hide_password else _rfc_1738_quote(self.password) ) s += "@" if self.host is not None: if ":" in self.host: s += "[%s]" % self.host else: s += self.host if self.port is not None: s += ":" + str(self.port) if self.database is not None: s += "/" + self.database if self.query: keys = list(self.query) keys.sort() s += "?" + "&".join( "%s=%s" % (util.quote_plus(k), util.quote_plus(element)) for k in keys for element in util.to_list(self.query[k]) ) return s def __str__(self): return self.__to_string__(hide_password=False) def __repr__(self): return self.__to_string__() def __hash__(self): return hash(str(self)) def __eq__(self, other): return ( isinstance(other, URL) and self.drivername == other.drivername and self.username == other.username and self.password == other.password and self.host == other.host and self.database == other.database and self.query == other.query and self.port == other.port ) def __ne__(self, other): return not self == other @property def password(self): if self.password_original is None: return None else: return util.text_type(self.password_original) @password.setter def password(self, password): self.password_original = password def get_backend_name(self): if "+" not in self.drivername: return self.drivername else: return self.drivername.split("+")[0] def get_driver_name(self): if "+" not in self.drivername: return self.get_dialect().driver else: return self.drivername.split("+")[1] def _instantiate_plugins(self, kwargs): plugin_names = util.to_list(self.query.get("plugin", ())) plugin_names += kwargs.get("plugins", []) return [ plugins.load(plugin_name)(self, kwargs) for plugin_name in plugin_names ] def _get_entrypoint(self): """Return the "entry point" dialect class. This is normally the dialect itself except in the case when the returned class implements the get_dialect_cls() method. """ if "+" not in self.drivername: name = self.drivername else: name = self.drivername.replace("+", ".") cls = registry.load(name) # check for legacy dialects that # would return a module with 'dialect' as the # actual class if ( hasattr(cls, "dialect") and isinstance(cls.dialect, type) and issubclass(cls.dialect, Dialect) ): return cls.dialect else: return cls def get_dialect(self): """Return the SQLAlchemy database dialect class corresponding to this URL's driver name. """ entrypoint = self._get_entrypoint() dialect_cls = entrypoint.get_dialect_cls(self) return dialect_cls def translate_connect_args(self, names=[], **kw): r"""Translate url attributes into a dictionary of connection arguments. Returns attributes of this url (`host`, `database`, `username`, `password`, `port`) as a plain dictionary. The attribute names are used as the keys by default. Unset or false attributes are omitted from the final dictionary. :param \**kw: Optional, alternate key names for url attributes. :param names: Deprecated. Same purpose as the keyword-based alternate names, but correlates the name to the original positionally. """ translated = {} attribute_names = ["host", "database", "username", "password", "port"] for sname in attribute_names: if names: name = names.pop(0) elif sname in kw: name = kw[sname] else: name = sname if name is not None and getattr(self, sname, False): translated[name] = getattr(self, sname) return translated def make_url(name_or_url): """Given a string or unicode instance, produce a new URL instance. The given string is parsed according to the RFC 1738 spec. If an existing URL object is passed, just returns the object. """ if isinstance(name_or_url, util.string_types): return _parse_rfc1738_args(name_or_url) else: return name_or_url def _parse_rfc1738_args(name): pattern = re.compile( r""" (?P<name>[\w\+]+):// (?: (?P<username>[^:/]*) (?::(?P<password>.*))? @)? (?: (?: \[(?P<ipv6host>[^/]+)\] | (?P<ipv4host>[^/:]+) )? (?::(?P<port>[^/]*))? )? (?:/(?P<database>.*))? """, re.X, ) m = pattern.match(name) if m is not None: components = m.groupdict() if components["database"] is not None: tokens = components["database"].split("?", 2) components["database"] = tokens[0] if len(tokens) > 1: query = {} for key, value in util.parse_qsl(tokens[1]): if util.py2k: key = key.encode("ascii") if key in query: query[key] = util.to_list(query[key]) query[key].append(value) else: query[key] = value else: query = None else: query = None components["query"] = query if components["username"] is not None: components["username"] = _rfc_1738_unquote(components["username"]) if components["password"] is not None: components["password"] = _rfc_1738_unquote(components["password"]) ipv4host = components.pop("ipv4host") ipv6host = components.pop("ipv6host") components["host"] = ipv4host or ipv6host name = components.pop("name") return URL(name, **components) else: raise exc.ArgumentError( "Could not parse rfc1738 URL from string '%s'" % name ) def _rfc_1738_quote(text): return re.sub(r"[:@/]", lambda m: "%%%X" % ord(m.group(0)), text) def _rfc_1738_unquote(text): return util.unquote(text) def _parse_keyvalue_args(name): m = re.match(r"(\w+)://(.*)", name) if m is not None: (name, args) = m.group(1, 2) opts = dict(util.parse_qsl(args)) return URL(name, *opts) else: return None