""" Tests for various Pyflakes behavior. """ from sys import version_info from pyflakes import messages as m from pyflakes.test.harness import TestCase, skip, skipIf class Test(TestCase): def test_duplicateArgs(self): self.flakes('def fu(bar, bar): pass', m.DuplicateArgument) def test_localReferencedBeforeAssignment(self): self.flakes(''' a = 1 def f(): a; a=1 f() ''', m.UndefinedLocal, m.UnusedVariable) def test_redefinedInGenerator(self): """ Test that reusing a variable in a generator does not raise a warning. """ self.flakes(''' a = 1 (1 for a, b in [(1, 2)]) ''') self.flakes(''' class A: a = 1 list(1 for a, b in [(1, 2)]) ''') self.flakes(''' def f(): a = 1 (1 for a, b in [(1, 2)]) ''', m.UnusedVariable) self.flakes(''' (1 for a, b in [(1, 2)]) (1 for a, b in [(1, 2)]) ''') self.flakes(''' for a, b in [(1, 2)]: pass (1 for a, b in [(1, 2)]) ''') def test_redefinedInSetComprehension(self): """ Test that reusing a variable in a set comprehension does not raise a warning. """ self.flakes(''' a = 1 {1 for a, b in [(1, 2)]} ''') self.flakes(''' class A: a = 1 {1 for a, b in [(1, 2)]} ''') self.flakes(''' def f(): a = 1 {1 for a, b in [(1, 2)]} ''', m.UnusedVariable) self.flakes(''' {1 for a, b in [(1, 2)]} {1 for a, b in [(1, 2)]} ''') self.flakes(''' for a, b in [(1, 2)]: pass {1 for a, b in [(1, 2)]} ''') def test_redefinedInDictComprehension(self): """ Test that reusing a variable in a dict comprehension does not raise a warning. """ self.flakes(''' a = 1 {1: 42 for a, b in [(1, 2)]} ''') self.flakes(''' class A: a = 1 {1: 42 for a, b in [(1, 2)]} ''') self.flakes(''' def f(): a = 1 {1: 42 for a, b in [(1, 2)]} ''', m.UnusedVariable) self.flakes(''' {1: 42 for a, b in [(1, 2)]} {1: 42 for a, b in [(1, 2)]} ''') self.flakes(''' for a, b in [(1, 2)]: pass {1: 42 for a, b in [(1, 2)]} ''') def test_redefinedFunction(self): """ Test that shadowing a function definition with another one raises a warning. """ self.flakes(''' def a(): pass def a(): pass ''', m.RedefinedWhileUnused) def test_redefinedUnderscoreFunction(self): """ Test that shadowing a function definition named with underscore doesn't raise anything. """ self.flakes(''' def _(): pass def _(): pass ''') def test_redefinedUnderscoreImportation(self): """ Test that shadowing an underscore importation raises a warning. """ self.flakes(''' from .i18n import _ def _(): pass ''', m.RedefinedWhileUnused) def test_redefinedClassFunction(self): """ Test that shadowing a function definition in a class suite with another one raises a warning. """ self.flakes(''' class A: def a(): pass def a(): pass ''', m.RedefinedWhileUnused) def test_redefinedIfElseFunction(self): """ Test that shadowing a function definition twice in an if and else block does not raise a warning. """ self.flakes(''' if True: def a(): pass else: def a(): pass ''') def test_redefinedIfFunction(self): """ Test that shadowing a function definition within an if block raises a warning. """ self.flakes(''' if True: def a(): pass def a(): pass ''', m.RedefinedWhileUnused) def test_redefinedTryExceptFunction(self): """ Test that shadowing a function definition twice in try and except block does not raise a warning. """ self.flakes(''' try: def a(): pass except: def a(): pass ''') def test_redefinedTryFunction(self): """ Test that shadowing a function definition within a try block raises a warning. """ self.flakes(''' try: def a(): pass def a(): pass except: pass ''', m.RedefinedWhileUnused) def test_redefinedIfElseInListComp(self): """ Test that shadowing a variable in a list comprehension in an if and else block does not raise a warning. """ self.flakes(''' if False: a = 1 else: [a for a in '12'] ''') def test_functionDecorator(self): """ Test that shadowing a function definition with a decorated version of that function does not raise a warning. """ self.flakes(''' from somewhere import somedecorator def a(): pass a = somedecorator(a) ''') def test_classFunctionDecorator(self): """ Test that shadowing a function definition in a class suite with a decorated version of that function does not raise a warning. """ self.flakes(''' class A: def a(): pass a = classmethod(a) ''') def test_modernProperty(self): self.flakes(""" class A: @property def t(self): pass @t.setter def t(self, value): pass @t.deleter def t(self): pass """) def test_unaryPlus(self): """Don't die on unary +.""" self.flakes('+1') def test_undefinedBaseClass(self): """ If a name in the base list of a class definition is undefined, a warning is emitted. """ self.flakes(''' class foo(foo): pass ''', m.UndefinedName) def test_classNameUndefinedInClassBody(self): """ If a class name is used in the body of that class's definition and the name is not already defined, a warning is emitted. """ self.flakes(''' class foo: foo ''', m.UndefinedName) def test_classNameDefinedPreviously(self): """ If a class name is used in the body of that class's definition and the name was previously defined in some other way, no warning is emitted. """ self.flakes(''' foo = None class foo: foo ''') def test_classRedefinition(self): """ If a class is defined twice in the same module, a warning is emitted. """ self.flakes(''' class Foo: pass class Foo: pass ''', m.RedefinedWhileUnused) def test_functionRedefinedAsClass(self): """ If a function is redefined as a class, a warning is emitted. """ self.flakes(''' def Foo(): pass class Foo: pass ''', m.RedefinedWhileUnused) def test_classRedefinedAsFunction(self): """ If a class is redefined as a function, a warning is emitted. """ self.flakes(''' class Foo: pass def Foo(): pass ''', m.RedefinedWhileUnused) def test_classWithReturn(self): """ If a return is used inside a class, a warning is emitted. """ self.flakes(''' class Foo(object): return ''', m.ReturnOutsideFunction) def test_moduleWithReturn(self): """ If a return is used at the module level, a warning is emitted. """ self.flakes(''' return ''', m.ReturnOutsideFunction) def test_classWithYield(self): """ If a yield is used inside a class, a warning is emitted. """ self.flakes(''' class Foo(object): yield ''', m.YieldOutsideFunction) def test_moduleWithYield(self): """ If a yield is used at the module level, a warning is emitted. """ self.flakes(''' yield ''', m.YieldOutsideFunction) def test_classWithYieldFrom(self): """ If a yield from is used inside a class, a warning is emitted. """ self.flakes(''' class Foo(object): yield from range(10) ''', m.YieldOutsideFunction) def test_moduleWithYieldFrom(self): """ If a yield from is used at the module level, a warning is emitted. """ self.flakes(''' yield from range(10) ''', m.YieldOutsideFunction) def test_continueOutsideLoop(self): self.flakes(''' continue ''', m.ContinueOutsideLoop) self.flakes(''' def f(): continue ''', m.ContinueOutsideLoop) self.flakes(''' while True: pass else: continue ''', m.ContinueOutsideLoop) self.flakes(''' while True: pass else: if 1: if 2: continue ''', m.ContinueOutsideLoop) self.flakes(''' while True: def f(): continue ''', m.ContinueOutsideLoop) self.flakes(''' while True: class A: continue ''', m.ContinueOutsideLoop) def test_continueInsideLoop(self): self.flakes(''' while True: continue ''') self.flakes(''' for i in range(10): continue ''') self.flakes(''' while True: if 1: continue ''') self.flakes(''' for i in range(10): if 1: continue ''') self.flakes(''' while True: while True: pass else: continue else: pass ''') self.flakes(''' while True: try: pass finally: while True: continue ''') @skipIf(version_info > (3, 8), "Python <= 3.8 only") def test_continueInFinally(self): # 'continue' inside 'finally' is a special syntax error # that is removed in 3.8 self.flakes(''' while True: try: pass finally: continue ''', m.ContinueInFinally) self.flakes(''' while True: try: pass finally: if 1: if 2: continue ''', m.ContinueInFinally) # Even when not in a loop, this is the error Python gives self.flakes(''' try: pass finally: continue ''', m.ContinueInFinally) def test_breakOutsideLoop(self): self.flakes(''' break ''', m.BreakOutsideLoop) self.flakes(''' def f(): break ''', m.BreakOutsideLoop) self.flakes(''' while True: pass else: break ''', m.BreakOutsideLoop) self.flakes(''' while True: pass else: if 1: if 2: break ''', m.BreakOutsideLoop) self.flakes(''' while True: def f(): break ''', m.BreakOutsideLoop) self.flakes(''' while True: class A: break ''', m.BreakOutsideLoop) self.flakes(''' try: pass finally: break ''', m.BreakOutsideLoop) def test_breakInsideLoop(self): self.flakes(''' while True: break ''') self.flakes(''' for i in range(10): break ''') self.flakes(''' while True: if 1: break ''') self.flakes(''' for i in range(10): if 1: break ''') self.flakes(''' while True: while True: pass else: break else: pass ''') self.flakes(''' while True: try: pass finally: while True: break ''') self.flakes(''' while True: try: pass finally: break ''') self.flakes(''' while True: try: pass finally: if 1: if 2: break ''') def test_defaultExceptLast(self): """ A default except block should be last. YES: try: ... except Exception: ... except: ... NO: try: ... except: ... except Exception: ... """ self.flakes(''' try: pass except ValueError: pass ''') self.flakes(''' try: pass except ValueError: pass except: pass ''') self.flakes(''' try: pass except: pass ''') self.flakes(''' try: pass except ValueError: pass else: pass ''') self.flakes(''' try: pass except: pass else: pass ''') self.flakes(''' try: pass except ValueError: pass except: pass else: pass ''') def test_defaultExceptNotLast(self): self.flakes(''' try: pass except: pass except ValueError: pass ''', m.DefaultExceptNotLast) self.flakes(''' try: pass except: pass except: pass ''', m.DefaultExceptNotLast) self.flakes(''' try: pass except: pass except ValueError: pass except: pass ''', m.DefaultExceptNotLast) self.flakes(''' try: pass except: pass except ValueError: pass except: pass except ValueError: pass ''', m.DefaultExceptNotLast, m.DefaultExceptNotLast) self.flakes(''' try: pass except: pass except ValueError: pass else: pass ''', m.DefaultExceptNotLast) self.flakes(''' try: pass except: pass except: pass else: pass ''', m.DefaultExceptNotLast) self.flakes(''' try: pass except: pass except ValueError: pass except: pass else: pass ''', m.DefaultExceptNotLast) self.flakes(''' try: pass except: pass except ValueError: pass except: pass except ValueError: pass else: pass ''', m.DefaultExceptNotLast, m.DefaultExceptNotLast) self.flakes(''' try: pass except: pass except ValueError: pass finally: pass ''', m.DefaultExceptNotLast) self.flakes(''' try: pass except: pass except: pass finally: pass ''', m.DefaultExceptNotLast) self.flakes(''' try: pass except: pass except ValueError: pass except: pass finally: pass ''', m.DefaultExceptNotLast) self.flakes(''' try: pass except: pass except ValueError: pass except: pass except ValueError: pass finally: pass ''', m.DefaultExceptNotLast, m.DefaultExceptNotLast) self.flakes(''' try: pass except: pass except ValueError: pass else: pass finally: pass ''', m.DefaultExceptNotLast) self.flakes(''' try: pass except: pass except: pass else: pass finally: pass ''', m.DefaultExceptNotLast) self.flakes(''' try: pass except: pass except ValueError: pass except: pass else: pass finally: pass ''', m.DefaultExceptNotLast) self.flakes(''' try: pass except: pass except ValueError: pass except: pass except ValueError: pass else: pass finally: pass ''', m.DefaultExceptNotLast, m.DefaultExceptNotLast) def test_starredAssignmentNoError(self): """ Python 3 extended iterable unpacking """ self.flakes(''' a, *b = range(10) ''') self.flakes(''' *a, b = range(10) ''') self.flakes(''' a, *b, c = range(10) ''') self.flakes(''' (a, *b) = range(10) ''') self.flakes(''' (*a, b) = range(10) ''') self.flakes(''' (a, *b, c) = range(10) ''') self.flakes(''' [a, *b] = range(10) ''') self.flakes(''' [*a, b] = range(10) ''') self.flakes(''' [a, *b, c] = range(10) ''') # Taken from test_unpack_ex.py in the cPython source s = ", ".join("a%d" % i for i in range(1 << 8 - 1)) + \ ", *rest = range(1<<8)" self.flakes(s) s = "(" + ", ".join("a%d" % i for i in range(1 << 8 - 1)) + \ ", *rest) = range(1<<8)" self.flakes(s) s = "[" + ", ".join("a%d" % i for i in range(1 << 8 - 1)) + \ ", *rest] = range(1<<8)" self.flakes(s) def test_starredAssignmentErrors(self): """ SyntaxErrors (not encoded in the ast) surrounding Python 3 extended iterable unpacking """ # Taken from test_unpack_ex.py in the cPython source s = ", ".join("a%d" % i for i in range(1 << 8)) + \ ", *rest = range(1<<8 + 1)" self.flakes(s, m.TooManyExpressionsInStarredAssignment) s = "(" + ", ".join("a%d" % i for i in range(1 << 8)) + \ ", *rest) = range(1<<8 + 1)" self.flakes(s, m.TooManyExpressionsInStarredAssignment) s = "[" + ", ".join("a%d" % i for i in range(1 << 8)) + \ ", *rest] = range(1<<8 + 1)" self.flakes(s, m.TooManyExpressionsInStarredAssignment) s = ", ".join("a%d" % i for i in range(1 << 8 + 1)) + \ ", *rest = range(1<<8 + 2)" self.flakes(s, m.TooManyExpressionsInStarredAssignment) s = "(" + ", ".join("a%d" % i for i in range(1 << 8 + 1)) + \ ", *rest) = range(1<<8 + 2)" self.flakes(s, m.TooManyExpressionsInStarredAssignment) s = "[" + ", ".join("a%d" % i for i in range(1 << 8 + 1)) + \ ", *rest] = range(1<<8 + 2)" self.flakes(s, m.TooManyExpressionsInStarredAssignment) # No way we can actually test this! # s = "*rest, " + ", ".join("a%d" % i for i in range(1<<24)) + \ # ", *rest = range(1<<24 + 1)" # self.flakes(s, m.TooManyExpressionsInStarredAssignment) self.flakes(''' a, *b, *c = range(10) ''', m.TwoStarredExpressions) self.flakes(''' a, *b, c, *d = range(10) ''', m.TwoStarredExpressions) self.flakes(''' *a, *b, *c = range(10) ''', m.TwoStarredExpressions) self.flakes(''' (a, *b, *c) = range(10) ''', m.TwoStarredExpressions) self.flakes(''' (a, *b, c, *d) = range(10) ''', m.TwoStarredExpressions) self.flakes(''' (*a, *b, *c) = range(10) ''', m.TwoStarredExpressions) self.flakes(''' [a, *b, *c] = range(10) ''', m.TwoStarredExpressions) self.flakes(''' [a, *b, c, *d] = range(10) ''', m.TwoStarredExpressions) self.flakes(''' [*a, *b, *c] = range(10) ''', m.TwoStarredExpressions) @skip("todo: Too hard to make this warn but other cases stay silent") def test_doubleAssignment(self): """ If a variable is re-assigned to without being used, no warning is emitted. """ self.flakes(''' x = 10 x = 20 ''', m.RedefinedWhileUnused) def test_doubleAssignmentConditionally(self): """ If a variable is re-assigned within a conditional, no warning is emitted. """ self.flakes(''' x = 10 if True: x = 20 ''') def test_doubleAssignmentWithUse(self): """ If a variable is re-assigned to after being used, no warning is emitted. """ self.flakes(''' x = 10 y = x * 2 x = 20 ''') def test_comparison(self): """ If a defined name is used on either side of any of the six comparison operators, no warning is emitted. """ self.flakes(''' x = 10 y = 20 x < y x <= y x == y x != y x >= y x > y ''') def test_identity(self): """ If a defined name is used on either side of an identity test, no warning is emitted. """ self.flakes(''' x = 10 y = 20 x is y x is not y ''') def test_containment(self): """ If a defined name is used on either side of a containment test, no warning is emitted. """ self.flakes(''' x = 10 y = 20 x in y x not in y ''') def test_loopControl(self): """ break and continue statements are supported. """ self.flakes(''' for x in [1, 2]: break ''') self.flakes(''' for x in [1, 2]: continue ''') def test_ellipsis(self): """ Ellipsis in a slice is supported. """ self.flakes(''' [1, 2][...] ''') def test_extendedSlice(self): """ Extended slices are supported. """ self.flakes(''' x = 3 [1, 2][x,:] ''') def test_varAugmentedAssignment(self): """ Augmented assignment of a variable is supported. We don't care about var refs. """ self.flakes(''' foo = 0 foo += 1 ''') def test_attrAugmentedAssignment(self): """ Augmented assignment of attributes is supported. We don't care about attr refs. """ self.flakes(''' foo = None foo.bar += foo.baz ''') def test_globalDeclaredInDifferentScope(self): """ A 'global' can be declared in one scope and reused in another. """ self.flakes(''' def f(): global foo def g(): foo = 'anything'; foo.is_used() ''') def test_function_arguments(self): """ Test to traverse ARG and ARGUMENT handler """ self.flakes(''' def foo(a, b): pass ''') self.flakes(''' def foo(a, b, c=0): pass ''') self.flakes(''' def foo(a, b, c=0, *args): pass ''') self.flakes(''' def foo(a, b, c=0, *args, **kwargs): pass ''') def test_function_arguments_python3(self): self.flakes(''' def foo(a, b, c=0, *args, d=0, **kwargs): pass ''') class TestUnusedAssignment(TestCase): """ Tests for warning about unused assignments. """ def test_unusedVariable(self): """ Warn when a variable in a function is assigned a value that's never used. """ self.flakes(''' def a(): b = 1 ''', m.UnusedVariable) def test_unusedUnderscoreVariable(self): """ Don't warn when the magic "_" (underscore) variable is unused. See issue #202. """ self.flakes(''' def a(unused_param): _ = unused_param ''') def test_unusedVariableAsLocals(self): """ Using locals() it is perfectly valid to have unused variables """ self.flakes(''' def a(): b = 1 return locals() ''') def test_unusedVariableNoLocals(self): """ Using locals() in wrong scope should not matter """ self.flakes(''' def a(): locals() def a(): b = 1 return ''', m.UnusedVariable) @skip("todo: Difficult because it doesn't apply in the context of a loop") def test_unusedReassignedVariable(self): """ Shadowing a used variable can still raise an UnusedVariable warning. """ self.flakes(''' def a(): b = 1 b.foo() b = 2 ''', m.UnusedVariable) def test_variableUsedInLoop(self): """ Shadowing a used variable cannot raise an UnusedVariable warning in the context of a loop. """ self.flakes(''' def a(): b = True while b: b = False ''') def test_assignToGlobal(self): """ Assigning to a global and then not using that global is perfectly acceptable. Do not mistake it for an unused local variable. """ self.flakes(''' b = 0 def a(): global b b = 1 ''') def test_assignToNonlocal(self): """ Assigning to a nonlocal and then not using that binding is perfectly acceptable. Do not mistake it for an unused local variable. """ self.flakes(''' b = b'0' def a(): nonlocal b b = b'1' ''') def test_assignToMember(self): """ Assigning to a member of another object and then not using that member variable is perfectly acceptable. Do not mistake it for an unused local variable. """ # XXX: Adding this test didn't generate a failure. Maybe not # necessary? self.flakes(''' class b: pass def a(): b.foo = 1 ''') def test_assignInForLoop(self): """ Don't warn when a variable in a for loop is assigned to but not used. """ self.flakes(''' def f(): for i in range(10): pass ''') def test_assignInListComprehension(self): """ Don't warn when a variable in a list comprehension is assigned to but not used. """ self.flakes(''' def f(): [None for i in range(10)] ''') def test_generatorExpression(self): """ Don't warn when a variable in a generator expression is assigned to but not used. """ self.flakes(''' def f(): (None for i in range(10)) ''') def test_assignmentInsideLoop(self): """ Don't warn when a variable assignment occurs lexically after its use. """ self.flakes(''' def f(): x = None for i in range(10): if i > 2: return x x = i * 2 ''') def test_tupleUnpacking(self): """ Don't warn when a variable included in tuple unpacking is unused. It's very common for variables in a tuple unpacking assignment to be unused in good Python code, so warning will only create false positives. """ self.flakes(''' def f(tup): (x, y) = tup ''') self.flakes(''' def f(): (x, y) = 1, 2 ''', m.UnusedVariable, m.UnusedVariable) self.flakes(''' def f(): (x, y) = coords = 1, 2 if x > 1: print(coords) ''') self.flakes(''' def f(): (x, y) = coords = 1, 2 ''', m.UnusedVariable) self.flakes(''' def f(): coords = (x, y) = 1, 2 ''', m.UnusedVariable) def test_listUnpacking(self): """ Don't warn when a variable included in list unpacking is unused. """ self.flakes(''' def f(tup): [x, y] = tup ''') self.flakes(''' def f(): [x, y] = [1, 2] ''', m.UnusedVariable, m.UnusedVariable) def test_closedOver(self): """ Don't warn when the assignment is used in an inner function. """ self.flakes(''' def barMaker(): foo = 5 def bar(): return foo return bar ''') def test_doubleClosedOver(self): """ Don't warn when the assignment is used in an inner function, even if that inner function itself is in an inner function. """ self.flakes(''' def barMaker(): foo = 5 def bar(): def baz(): return foo return bar ''') def test_tracebackhideSpecialVariable(self): """ Do not warn about unused local variable __tracebackhide__, which is a special variable for py.test. """ self.flakes(""" def helper(): __tracebackhide__ = True """) def test_ifexp(self): """ Test C{foo if bar else baz} statements. """ self.flakes("a = 'moo' if True else 'oink'") self.flakes("a = foo if True else 'oink'", m.UndefinedName) self.flakes("a = 'moo' if True else bar", m.UndefinedName) def test_if_tuple(self): """ Test C{if (foo,)} conditions. """ self.flakes("""if (): pass""") self.flakes(""" if ( True ): pass """) self.flakes(""" if ( True, ): pass """, m.IfTuple) self.flakes(""" x = 1 if ( True, ) else 2 """, m.IfTuple) def test_withStatementNoNames(self): """ No warnings are emitted for using inside or after a nameless C{with} statement a name defined beforehand. """ self.flakes(''' bar = None with open("foo"): bar bar ''') def test_withStatementSingleName(self): """ No warnings are emitted for using a name defined by a C{with} statement within the suite or afterwards. """ self.flakes(''' with open('foo') as bar: bar bar ''') def test_withStatementAttributeName(self): """ No warnings are emitted for using an attribute as the target of a C{with} statement. """ self.flakes(''' import foo with open('foo') as foo.bar: pass ''') def test_withStatementSubscript(self): """ No warnings are emitted for using a subscript as the target of a C{with} statement. """ self.flakes(''' import foo with open('foo') as foo[0]: pass ''') def test_withStatementSubscriptUndefined(self): """ An undefined name warning is emitted if the subscript used as the target of a C{with} statement is not defined. """ self.flakes(''' import foo with open('foo') as foo[bar]: pass ''', m.UndefinedName) def test_withStatementTupleNames(self): """ No warnings are emitted for using any of the tuple of names defined by a C{with} statement within the suite or afterwards. """ self.flakes(''' with open('foo') as (bar, baz): bar, baz bar, baz ''') def test_withStatementListNames(self): """ No warnings are emitted for using any of the list of names defined by a C{with} statement within the suite or afterwards. """ self.flakes(''' with open('foo') as [bar, baz]: bar, baz bar, baz ''') def test_withStatementComplicatedTarget(self): """ If the target of a C{with} statement uses any or all of the valid forms for that part of the grammar (See U{http://docs.python.org/reference/compound_stmts.html#the-with-statement}), the names involved are checked both for definedness and any bindings created are respected in the suite of the statement and afterwards. """ self.flakes(''' c = d = e = g = h = i = None with open('foo') as [(a, b), c[d], e.f, g[h:i]]: a, b, c, d, e, g, h, i a, b, c, d, e, g, h, i ''') def test_withStatementSingleNameUndefined(self): """ An undefined name warning is emitted if the name first defined by a C{with} statement is used before the C{with} statement. """ self.flakes(''' bar with open('foo') as bar: pass ''', m.UndefinedName) def test_withStatementTupleNamesUndefined(self): """ An undefined name warning is emitted if a name first defined by the tuple-unpacking form of the C{with} statement is used before the C{with} statement. """ self.flakes(''' baz with open('foo') as (bar, baz): pass ''', m.UndefinedName) def test_withStatementSingleNameRedefined(self): """ A redefined name warning is emitted if a name bound by an import is rebound by the name defined by a C{with} statement. """ self.flakes(''' import bar with open('foo') as bar: pass ''', m.RedefinedWhileUnused) def test_withStatementTupleNamesRedefined(self): """ A redefined name warning is emitted if a name bound by an import is rebound by one of the names defined by the tuple-unpacking form of a C{with} statement. """ self.flakes(''' import bar with open('foo') as (bar, baz): pass ''', m.RedefinedWhileUnused) def test_withStatementUndefinedInside(self): """ An undefined name warning is emitted if a name is used inside the body of a C{with} statement without first being bound. """ self.flakes(''' with open('foo') as bar: baz ''', m.UndefinedName) def test_withStatementNameDefinedInBody(self): """ A name defined in the body of a C{with} statement can be used after the body ends without warning. """ self.flakes(''' with open('foo') as bar: baz = 10 baz ''') def test_withStatementUndefinedInExpression(self): """ An undefined name warning is emitted if a name in the I{test} expression of a C{with} statement is undefined. """ self.flakes(''' with bar as baz: pass ''', m.UndefinedName) self.flakes(''' with bar as bar: pass ''', m.UndefinedName) def test_dictComprehension(self): """ Dict comprehensions are properly handled. """ self.flakes(''' a = {1: x for x in range(10)} ''') def test_setComprehensionAndLiteral(self): """ Set comprehensions are properly handled. """ self.flakes(''' a = {1, 2, 3} b = {x for x in range(10)} ''') def test_exceptionUsedInExcept(self): self.flakes(''' try: pass except Exception as e: e ''') self.flakes(''' def download_review(): try: pass except Exception as e: e ''') def test_exceptionUnusedInExcept(self): self.flakes(''' try: pass except Exception as e: pass ''', m.UnusedVariable) @skipIf(version_info < (3, 11), 'new in Python 3.11') def test_exception_unused_in_except_star(self): self.flakes(''' try: pass except* OSError as e: pass ''', m.UnusedVariable) def test_exceptionUnusedInExceptInFunction(self): self.flakes(''' def download_review(): try: pass except Exception as e: pass ''', m.UnusedVariable) def test_exceptWithoutNameInFunction(self): """ Don't issue false warning when an unnamed exception is used. Previously, there would be a false warning, but only when the try..except was in a function """ self.flakes(''' import tokenize def foo(): try: pass except tokenize.TokenError: pass ''') def test_exceptWithoutNameInFunctionTuple(self): """ Don't issue false warning when an unnamed exception is used. This example catches a tuple of exception types. """ self.flakes(''' import tokenize def foo(): try: pass except (tokenize.TokenError, IndentationError): pass ''') def test_augmentedAssignmentImportedFunctionCall(self): """ Consider a function that is called on the right part of an augassign operation to be used. """ self.flakes(''' from foo import bar baz = 0 baz += bar() ''') def test_assert_without_message(self): """An assert without a message is not an error.""" self.flakes(''' a = 1 assert a ''') def test_assert_with_message(self): """An assert with a message is not an error.""" self.flakes(''' a = 1 assert a, 'x' ''') def test_assert_tuple(self): """An assert of a non-empty tuple is always True.""" self.flakes(''' assert (False, 'x') assert (False, ) ''', m.AssertTuple, m.AssertTuple) def test_assert_tuple_empty(self): """An assert of an empty tuple is always False.""" self.flakes(''' assert () ''') def test_assert_static(self): """An assert of a static value is not an error.""" self.flakes(''' assert True assert 1 ''') def test_yieldFromUndefined(self): """ Test C{yield from} statement """ self.flakes(''' def bar(): yield from foo() ''', m.UndefinedName) def test_f_string(self): """Test PEP 498 f-strings are treated as a usage.""" self.flakes(''' baz = 0 print(f'\x7b4*baz\N{RIGHT CURLY BRACKET}') ''') @skipIf(version_info < (3, 8), 'new in Python 3.8') def test_assign_expr(self): """Test PEP 572 assignment expressions are treated as usage / write.""" self.flakes(''' from foo import y print(x := y) print(x) ''') @skipIf(version_info < (3, 8), 'new in Python 3.8') def test_assign_expr_generator_scope(self): """Test assignment expressions in generator expressions.""" self.flakes(''' if (any((y := x[0]) for x in [[True]])): print(y) ''') @skipIf(version_info < (3, 8), 'new in Python 3.8') def test_assign_expr_nested(self): """Test assignment expressions in nested expressions.""" self.flakes(''' if ([(y:=x) for x in range(4) if [(z:=q) for q in range(4)]]): print(y) print(z) ''') class TestStringFormatting(TestCase): def test_f_string_without_placeholders(self): self.flakes("f'foo'", m.FStringMissingPlaceholders) self.flakes(''' f"""foo bar """ ''', m.FStringMissingPlaceholders) self.flakes(''' print( f'foo' f'bar' ) ''', m.FStringMissingPlaceholders) # this is an "escaped placeholder" but not a placeholder self.flakes("f'{{}}'", m.FStringMissingPlaceholders) # ok: f-string with placeholders self.flakes(''' x = 5 print(f'{x}') ''') # ok: f-string with format specifiers self.flakes(''' x = 'a' * 90 print(f'{x:.8}') ''') # ok: f-string with multiple format specifiers self.flakes(''' x = y = 5 print(f'{x:>2} {y:>2}') ''') def test_invalid_dot_format_calls(self): self.flakes(''' '{'.format(1) ''', m.StringDotFormatInvalidFormat) self.flakes(''' '{} {1}'.format(1, 2) ''', m.StringDotFormatMixingAutomatic) self.flakes(''' '{0} {}'.format(1, 2) ''', m.StringDotFormatMixingAutomatic) self.flakes(''' '{}'.format(1, 2) ''', m.StringDotFormatExtraPositionalArguments) self.flakes(''' '{}'.format(1, bar=2) ''', m.StringDotFormatExtraNamedArguments) self.flakes(''' '{} {}'.format(1) ''', m.StringDotFormatMissingArgument) self.flakes(''' '{2}'.format() ''', m.StringDotFormatMissingArgument) self.flakes(''' '{bar}'.format() ''', m.StringDotFormatMissingArgument) # too much string recursion (placeholder-in-placeholder) self.flakes(''' '{:{:{}}}'.format(1, 2, 3) ''', m.StringDotFormatInvalidFormat) # ok: dotted / bracketed names need to handle the param differently self.flakes("'{.__class__}'.format('')") self.flakes("'{foo[bar]}'.format(foo={'bar': 'barv'})") # ok: placeholder-placeholders self.flakes(''' print('{:{}} {}'.format(1, 15, 2)) ''') # ok: not a placeholder-placeholder self.flakes(''' print('{:2}'.format(1)) ''') # ok: not mixed automatic self.flakes(''' '{foo}-{}'.format(1, foo=2) ''') # ok: we can't determine statically the format args self.flakes(''' a = () "{}".format(*a) ''') self.flakes(''' k = {} "{foo}".format(**k) ''') def test_invalid_percent_format_calls(self): self.flakes(''' '%(foo)' % {'foo': 'bar'} ''', m.PercentFormatInvalidFormat) self.flakes(''' '%s %(foo)s' % {'foo': 'bar'} ''', m.PercentFormatMixedPositionalAndNamed) self.flakes(''' '%(foo)s %s' % {'foo': 'bar'} ''', m.PercentFormatMixedPositionalAndNamed) self.flakes(''' '%j' % (1,) ''', m.PercentFormatUnsupportedFormatCharacter) self.flakes(''' '%s %s' % (1,) ''', m.PercentFormatPositionalCountMismatch) self.flakes(''' '%s %s' % (1, 2, 3) ''', m.PercentFormatPositionalCountMismatch) self.flakes(''' '%(bar)s' % {} ''', m.PercentFormatMissingArgument,) self.flakes(''' '%(bar)s' % {'bar': 1, 'baz': 2} ''', m.PercentFormatExtraNamedArguments) self.flakes(''' '%(bar)s' % (1, 2, 3) ''', m.PercentFormatExpectedMapping) self.flakes(''' '%s %s' % {'k': 'v'} ''', m.PercentFormatExpectedSequence) self.flakes(''' '%(bar)*s' % {'bar': 'baz'} ''', m.PercentFormatStarRequiresSequence) # ok: single %s with mapping self.flakes(''' '%s' % {'foo': 'bar', 'baz': 'womp'} ''') # ok: does not cause a MemoryError (the strings aren't evaluated) self.flakes(''' "%1000000000000f" % 1 ''') # ok: %% should not count towards placeholder count self.flakes(''' '%% %s %% %s' % (1, 2) ''') # ok: * consumes one positional argument self.flakes(''' '%.*f' % (2, 1.1234) '%*.*f' % (5, 2, 3.1234) ''') def test_ok_percent_format_cannot_determine_element_count(self): self.flakes(''' a = [] '%s %s' % [*a] '%s %s' % (*a,) ''') self.flakes(''' k = {} '%(k)s' % {**k} ''') class TestAsyncStatements(TestCase): def test_asyncDef(self): self.flakes(''' async def bar(): return 42 ''') def test_asyncDefAwait(self): self.flakes(''' async def read_data(db): await db.fetch('SELECT ...') ''') def test_asyncDefUndefined(self): self.flakes(''' async def bar(): return foo() ''', m.UndefinedName) def test_asyncFor(self): self.flakes(''' async def read_data(db): output = [] async for row in db.cursor(): output.append(row) return output ''') def test_asyncForUnderscoreLoopVar(self): self.flakes(''' async def coro(it): async for _ in it: pass ''') def test_loopControlInAsyncFor(self): self.flakes(''' async def read_data(db): output = [] async for row in db.cursor(): if row[0] == 'skip': continue output.append(row) return output ''') self.flakes(''' async def read_data(db): output = [] async for row in db.cursor(): if row[0] == 'stop': break output.append(row) return output ''') def test_loopControlInAsyncForElse(self): self.flakes(''' async def read_data(db): output = [] async for row in db.cursor(): output.append(row) else: continue return output ''', m.ContinueOutsideLoop) self.flakes(''' async def read_data(db): output = [] async for row in db.cursor(): output.append(row) else: break return output ''', m.BreakOutsideLoop) @skipIf(version_info > (3, 8), "Python <= 3.8 only") def test_continueInAsyncForFinally(self): self.flakes(''' async def read_data(db): output = [] async for row in db.cursor(): try: output.append(row) finally: continue return output ''', m.ContinueInFinally) def test_asyncWith(self): self.flakes(''' async def commit(session, data): async with session.transaction(): await session.update(data) ''') def test_asyncWithItem(self): self.flakes(''' async def commit(session, data): async with session.transaction() as trans: await trans.begin() ... await trans.end() ''') def test_matmul(self): self.flakes(''' def foo(a, b): return a @ b ''') def test_formatstring(self): self.flakes(''' hi = 'hi' mom = 'mom' f'{hi} {mom}' ''') def test_raise_notimplemented(self): self.flakes(''' raise NotImplementedError("This is fine") ''') self.flakes(''' raise NotImplementedError ''') self.flakes(''' raise NotImplemented("This isn't gonna work") ''', m.RaiseNotImplemented) self.flakes(''' raise NotImplemented ''', m.RaiseNotImplemented) class TestIncompatiblePrintOperator(TestCase): """ Tests for warning about invalid use of print function. """ def test_valid_print(self): self.flakes(''' print("Hello") ''') def test_invalid_print_when_imported_from_future(self): exc = self.flakes(''' from __future__ import print_function import sys print >>sys.stderr, "Hello" ''', m.InvalidPrintSyntax).messages[0] self.assertEqual(exc.lineno, 4) self.assertEqual(exc.col, 0) def test_print_function_assignment(self): """ A valid assignment, tested for catching false positives. """ self.flakes(''' from __future__ import print_function log = print log("Hello") ''') def test_print_in_lambda(self): self.flakes(''' from __future__ import print_function a = lambda: print ''') def test_print_returned_in_function(self): self.flakes(''' from __future__ import print_function def a(): return print ''') def test_print_as_condition_test(self): self.flakes(''' from __future__ import print_function if print: pass ''')