# orm/collections.py # Copyright (C) 2005-2021 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors # <see AUTHORS file> # # This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under # the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php """Support for collections of mapped entities. The collections package supplies the machinery used to inform the ORM of collection membership changes. An instrumentation via decoration approach is used, allowing arbitrary types (including built-ins) to be used as entity collections without requiring inheritance from a base class. Instrumentation decoration relays membership change events to the :class:`.CollectionAttributeImpl` that is currently managing the collection. The decorators observe function call arguments and return values, tracking entities entering or leaving the collection. Two decorator approaches are provided. One is a bundle of generic decorators that map function arguments and return values to events:: from sqlalchemy.orm.collections import collection class MyClass(object): # ... @collection.adds(1) def store(self, item): self.data.append(item) @collection.removes_return() def pop(self): return self.data.pop() The second approach is a bundle of targeted decorators that wrap appropriate append and remove notifiers around the mutation methods present in the standard Python ``list``, ``set`` and ``dict`` interfaces. These could be specified in terms of generic decorator recipes, but are instead hand-tooled for increased efficiency. The targeted decorators occasionally implement adapter-like behavior, such as mapping bulk-set methods (``extend``, ``update``, ``__setslice__``, etc.) into the series of atomic mutation events that the ORM requires. The targeted decorators are used internally for automatic instrumentation of entity collection classes. Every collection class goes through a transformation process roughly like so: 1. If the class is a built-in, substitute a trivial sub-class 2. Is this class already instrumented? 3. Add in generic decorators 4. Sniff out the collection interface through duck-typing 5. Add targeted decoration to any undecorated interface method This process modifies the class at runtime, decorating methods and adding some bookkeeping properties. This isn't possible (or desirable) for built-in classes like ``list``, so trivial sub-classes are substituted to hold decoration:: class InstrumentedList(list): pass Collection classes can be specified in ``relationship(collection_class=)`` as types or a function that returns an instance. Collection classes are inspected and instrumented during the mapper compilation phase. The collection_class callable will be executed once to produce a specimen instance, and the type of that specimen will be instrumented. Functions that return built-in types like ``lists`` will be adapted to produce instrumented instances. When extending a known type like ``list``, additional decorations are not generally not needed. Odds are, the extension method will delegate to a method that's already instrumented. For example:: class QueueIsh(list): def push(self, item): self.append(item) def shift(self): return self.pop(0) There's no need to decorate these methods. ``append`` and ``pop`` are already instrumented as part of the ``list`` interface. Decorating them would fire duplicate events, which should be avoided. The targeted decoration tries not to rely on other methods in the underlying collection class, but some are unavoidable. Many depend on 'read' methods being present to properly instrument a 'write', for example, ``__setitem__`` needs ``__getitem__``. "Bulk" methods like ``update`` and ``extend`` may also reimplemented in terms of atomic appends and removes, so the ``extend`` decoration will actually perform many ``append`` operations and not call the underlying method at all. Tight control over bulk operation and the firing of events is also possible by implementing the instrumentation internally in your methods. The basic instrumentation package works under the general assumption that collection mutation will not raise unusual exceptions. If you want to closely orchestrate append and remove events with exception management, internal instrumentation may be the answer. Within your method, ``collection_adapter(self)`` will retrieve an object that you can use for explicit control over triggering append and remove events. The owning object and :class:`.CollectionAttributeImpl` are also reachable through the adapter, allowing for some very sophisticated behavior. """ import operator import weakref from sqlalchemy.util.compat import inspect_getfullargspec from . import base from .. import exc as sa_exc from .. import util from ..sql import expression __all__ = [ "collection", "collection_adapter", "mapped_collection", "column_mapped_collection", "attribute_mapped_collection", ] __instrumentation_mutex = util.threading.Lock() class _PlainColumnGetter(object): """Plain column getter, stores collection of Column objects directly. Serializes to a :class:`._SerializableColumnGetterV2` which has more expensive __call__() performance and some rare caveats. """ def __init__(self, cols): self.cols = cols self.composite = len(cols) > 1 def __reduce__(self): return _SerializableColumnGetterV2._reduce_from_cols(self.cols) def _cols(self, mapper): return self.cols def __call__(self, value): state = base.instance_state(value) m = base._state_mapper(state) key = [ m._get_state_attr_by_column(state, state.dict, col) for col in self._cols(m) ] if self.composite: return tuple(key) else: return key[0] class _SerializableColumnGetter(object): """Column-based getter used in version 0.7.6 only. Remains here for pickle compatibility with 0.7.6. """ def __init__(self, colkeys): self.colkeys = colkeys self.composite = len(colkeys) > 1 def __reduce__(self): return _SerializableColumnGetter, (self.colkeys,) def __call__(self, value): state = base.instance_state(value) m = base._state_mapper(state) key = [ m._get_state_attr_by_column( state, state.dict, m.mapped_table.columns[k] ) for k in self.colkeys ] if self.composite: return tuple(key) else: return key[0] class _SerializableColumnGetterV2(_PlainColumnGetter): """Updated serializable getter which deals with multi-table mapped classes. Two extremely unusual cases are not supported. Mappings which have tables across multiple metadata objects, or which are mapped to non-Table selectables linked across inheriting mappers may fail to function here. """ def __init__(self, colkeys): self.colkeys = colkeys self.composite = len(colkeys) > 1 def __reduce__(self): return self.__class__, (self.colkeys,) @classmethod def _reduce_from_cols(cls, cols): def _table_key(c): if not isinstance(c.table, expression.TableClause): return None else: return c.table.key colkeys = [(c.key, _table_key(c)) for c in cols] return _SerializableColumnGetterV2, (colkeys,) def _cols(self, mapper): cols = [] metadata = getattr(mapper.local_table, "metadata", None) for (ckey, tkey) in self.colkeys: if tkey is None or metadata is None or tkey not in metadata: cols.append(mapper.local_table.c[ckey]) else: cols.append(metadata.tables[tkey].c[ckey]) return cols def column_mapped_collection(mapping_spec): """A dictionary-based collection type with column-based keying. Returns a :class:`.MappedCollection` factory with a keying function generated from mapping_spec, which may be a Column or a sequence of Columns. The key value must be immutable for the lifetime of the object. You can not, for example, map on foreign key values if those key values will change during the session, i.e. from None to a database-assigned integer after a session flush. """ cols = [ expression._only_column_elements(q, "mapping_spec") for q in util.to_list(mapping_spec) ] keyfunc = _PlainColumnGetter(cols) return lambda: MappedCollection(keyfunc) class _SerializableAttrGetter(object): def __init__(self, name): self.name = name self.getter = operator.attrgetter(name) def __call__(self, target): return self.getter(target) def __reduce__(self): return _SerializableAttrGetter, (self.name,) def attribute_mapped_collection(attr_name): """A dictionary-based collection type with attribute-based keying. Returns a :class:`.MappedCollection` factory with a keying based on the 'attr_name' attribute of entities in the collection, where ``attr_name`` is the string name of the attribute. .. warning:: the key value must be assigned to its final value **before** it is accessed by the attribute mapped collection. Additionally, changes to the key attribute are **not tracked** automatically, which means the key in the dictionary is not automatically synchronized with the key value on the target object itself. See the section :ref:`key_collections_mutations` for an example. """ getter = _SerializableAttrGetter(attr_name) return lambda: MappedCollection(getter) def mapped_collection(keyfunc): """A dictionary-based collection type with arbitrary keying. Returns a :class:`.MappedCollection` factory with a keying function generated from keyfunc, a callable that takes an entity and returns a key value. The key value must be immutable for the lifetime of the object. You can not, for example, map on foreign key values if those key values will change during the session, i.e. from None to a database-assigned integer after a session flush. """ return lambda: MappedCollection(keyfunc) class collection(object): """Decorators for entity collection classes. The decorators fall into two groups: annotations and interception recipes. The annotating decorators (appender, remover, iterator, linker, converter, internally_instrumented) indicate the method's purpose and take no arguments. They are not written with parens:: @collection.appender def append(self, append): ... The recipe decorators all require parens, even those that take no arguments:: @collection.adds('entity') def insert(self, position, entity): ... @collection.removes_return() def popitem(self): ... """ # Bundled as a class solely for ease of use: packaging, doc strings, # importability. @staticmethod def appender(fn): """Tag the method as the collection appender. The appender method is called with one positional argument: the value to append. The method will be automatically decorated with 'adds(1)' if not already decorated:: @collection.appender def add(self, append): ... # or, equivalently @collection.appender @collection.adds(1) def add(self, append): ... # for mapping type, an 'append' may kick out a previous value # that occupies that slot. consider d['a'] = 'foo'- any previous # value in d['a'] is discarded. @collection.appender @collection.replaces(1) def add(self, entity): key = some_key_func(entity) previous = None if key in self: previous = self[key] self[key] = entity return previous If the value to append is not allowed in the collection, you may raise an exception. Something to remember is that the appender will be called for each object mapped by a database query. If the database contains rows that violate your collection semantics, you will need to get creative to fix the problem, as access via the collection will not work. If the appender method is internally instrumented, you must also receive the keyword argument '_sa_initiator' and ensure its promulgation to collection events. """ fn._sa_instrument_role = "appender" return fn @staticmethod def remover(fn): """Tag the method as the collection remover. The remover method is called with one positional argument: the value to remove. The method will be automatically decorated with :meth:`removes_return` if not already decorated:: @collection.remover def zap(self, entity): ... # or, equivalently @collection.remover @collection.removes_return() def zap(self, ): ... If the value to remove is not present in the collection, you may raise an exception or return None to ignore the error. If the remove method is internally instrumented, you must also receive the keyword argument '_sa_initiator' and ensure its promulgation to collection events. """ fn._sa_instrument_role = "remover" return fn @staticmethod def iterator(fn): """Tag the method as the collection remover. The iterator method is called with no arguments. It is expected to return an iterator over all collection members:: @collection.iterator def __iter__(self): ... """ fn._sa_instrument_role = "iterator" return fn @staticmethod def internally_instrumented(fn): """Tag the method as instrumented. This tag will prevent any decoration from being applied to the method. Use this if you are orchestrating your own calls to :func:`.collection_adapter` in one of the basic SQLAlchemy interface methods, or to prevent an automatic ABC method decoration from wrapping your implementation:: # normally an 'extend' method on a list-like class would be # automatically intercepted and re-implemented in terms of # SQLAlchemy events and append(). your implementation will # never be called, unless: @collection.internally_instrumented def extend(self, items): ... """ fn._sa_instrumented = True return fn @staticmethod @util.deprecated( "1.0", "The :meth:`.collection.linker` handler is deprecated and will " "be removed in a future release. Please refer to the " ":meth:`.AttributeEvents.init_collection` " "and :meth:`.AttributeEvents.dispose_collection` event handlers. ", ) def linker(fn): """Tag the method as a "linked to attribute" event handler. This optional event handler will be called when the collection class is linked to or unlinked from the InstrumentedAttribute. It is invoked immediately after the '_sa_adapter' property is set on the instance. A single argument is passed: the collection adapter that has been linked, or None if unlinking. """ fn._sa_instrument_role = "linker" return fn link = linker """Synonym for :meth:`.collection.linker`. .. deprecated:: 1.0 - :meth:`.collection.link` is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. """ @staticmethod @util.deprecated( "1.3", "The :meth:`.collection.converter` handler is deprecated and will " "be removed in a future release. Please refer to the " ":class:`.AttributeEvents.bulk_replace` listener interface in " "conjunction with the :func:`.event.listen` function.", ) def converter(fn): """Tag the method as the collection converter. This optional method will be called when a collection is being replaced entirely, as in:: myobj.acollection = [newvalue1, newvalue2] The converter method will receive the object being assigned and should return an iterable of values suitable for use by the ``appender`` method. A converter must not assign values or mutate the collection, its sole job is to adapt the value the user provides into an iterable of values for the ORM's use. The default converter implementation will use duck-typing to do the conversion. A dict-like collection will be convert into an iterable of dictionary values, and other types will simply be iterated:: @collection.converter def convert(self, other): ... If the duck-typing of the object does not match the type of this collection, a TypeError is raised. Supply an implementation of this method if you want to expand the range of possible types that can be assigned in bulk or perform validation on the values about to be assigned. """ fn._sa_instrument_role = "converter" return fn @staticmethod def adds(arg): """Mark the method as adding an entity to the collection. Adds "add to collection" handling to the method. The decorator argument indicates which method argument holds the SQLAlchemy-relevant value. Arguments can be specified positionally (i.e. integer) or by name:: @collection.adds(1) def push(self, item): ... @collection.adds('entity') def do_stuff(self, thing, entity=None): ... """ def decorator(fn): fn._sa_instrument_before = ("fire_append_event", arg) return fn return decorator @staticmethod def replaces(arg): """Mark the method as replacing an entity in the collection. Adds "add to collection" and "remove from collection" handling to the method. The decorator argument indicates which method argument holds the SQLAlchemy-relevant value to be added, and return value, if any will be considered the value to remove. Arguments can be specified positionally (i.e. integer) or by name:: @collection.replaces(2) def __setitem__(self, index, item): ... """ def decorator(fn): fn._sa_instrument_before = ("fire_append_event", arg) fn._sa_instrument_after = "fire_remove_event" return fn return decorator @staticmethod def removes(arg): """Mark the method as removing an entity in the collection. Adds "remove from collection" handling to the method. The decorator argument indicates which method argument holds the SQLAlchemy-relevant value to be removed. Arguments can be specified positionally (i.e. integer) or by name:: @collection.removes(1) def zap(self, item): ... For methods where the value to remove is not known at call-time, use collection.removes_return. """ def decorator(fn): fn._sa_instrument_before = ("fire_remove_event", arg) return fn return decorator @staticmethod def removes_return(): """Mark the method as removing an entity in the collection. Adds "remove from collection" handling to the method. The return value of the method, if any, is considered the value to remove. The method arguments are not inspected:: @collection.removes_return() def pop(self): ... For methods where the value to remove is known at call-time, use collection.remove. """ def decorator(fn): fn._sa_instrument_after = "fire_remove_event" return fn return decorator collection_adapter = operator.attrgetter("_sa_adapter") """Fetch the :class:`.CollectionAdapter` for a collection.""" class CollectionAdapter(object): """Bridges between the ORM and arbitrary Python collections. Proxies base-level collection operations (append, remove, iterate) to the underlying Python collection, and emits add/remove events for entities entering or leaving the collection. The ORM uses :class:`.CollectionAdapter` exclusively for interaction with entity collections. """ __slots__ = ( "attr", "_key", "_data", "owner_state", "_converter", "invalidated", ) def __init__(self, attr, owner_state, data): self.attr = attr self._key = attr.key self._data = weakref.ref(data) self.owner_state = owner_state data._sa_adapter = self self._converter = data._sa_converter self.invalidated = False def _warn_invalidated(self): util.warn("This collection has been invalidated.") @property def data(self): "The entity collection being adapted." return self._data() @property def _referenced_by_owner(self): """return True if the owner state still refers to this collection. This will return False within a bulk replace operation, where this collection is the one being replaced. """ return self.owner_state.dict[self._key] is self._data() def bulk_appender(self): return self._data()._sa_appender def append_with_event(self, item, initiator=None): """Add an entity to the collection, firing mutation events.""" self._data()._sa_appender(item, _sa_initiator=initiator) def append_without_event(self, item): """Add or restore an entity to the collection, firing no events.""" self._data()._sa_appender(item, _sa_initiator=False) def append_multiple_without_event(self, items): """Add or restore an entity to the collection, firing no events.""" appender = self._data()._sa_appender for item in items: appender(item, _sa_initiator=False) def bulk_remover(self): return self._data()._sa_remover def remove_with_event(self, item, initiator=None): """Remove an entity from the collection, firing mutation events.""" self._data()._sa_remover(item, _sa_initiator=initiator) def remove_without_event(self, item): """Remove an entity from the collection, firing no events.""" self._data()._sa_remover(item, _sa_initiator=False) def clear_with_event(self, initiator=None): """Empty the collection, firing a mutation event for each entity.""" remover = self._data()._sa_remover for item in list(self): remover(item, _sa_initiator=initiator) def clear_without_event(self): """Empty the collection, firing no events.""" remover = self._data()._sa_remover for item in list(self): remover(item, _sa_initiator=False) def __iter__(self): """Iterate over entities in the collection.""" return iter(self._data()._sa_iterator()) def __len__(self): """Count entities in the collection.""" return len(list(self._data()._sa_iterator())) def __bool__(self): return True __nonzero__ = __bool__ def fire_append_event(self, item, initiator=None): """Notify that a entity has entered the collection. Initiator is a token owned by the InstrumentedAttribute that initiated the membership mutation, and should be left as None unless you are passing along an initiator value from a chained operation. """ if initiator is not False: if self.invalidated: self._warn_invalidated() return self.attr.fire_append_event( self.owner_state, self.owner_state.dict, item, initiator ) else: return item def fire_remove_event(self, item, initiator=None): """Notify that a entity has been removed from the collection. Initiator is the InstrumentedAttribute that initiated the membership mutation, and should be left as None unless you are passing along an initiator value from a chained operation. """ if initiator is not False: if self.invalidated: self._warn_invalidated() self.attr.fire_remove_event( self.owner_state, self.owner_state.dict, item, initiator ) def fire_pre_remove_event(self, initiator=None): """Notify that an entity is about to be removed from the collection. Only called if the entity cannot be removed after calling fire_remove_event(). """ if self.invalidated: self._warn_invalidated() self.attr.fire_pre_remove_event( self.owner_state, self.owner_state.dict, initiator=initiator ) def __getstate__(self): return { "key": self._key, "owner_state": self.owner_state, "owner_cls": self.owner_state.class_, "data": self.data, "invalidated": self.invalidated, } def __setstate__(self, d): self._key = d["key"] self.owner_state = d["owner_state"] self._data = weakref.ref(d["data"]) self._converter = d["data"]._sa_converter d["data"]._sa_adapter = self self.invalidated = d["invalidated"] self.attr = getattr(d["owner_cls"], self._key).impl def bulk_replace(values, existing_adapter, new_adapter, initiator=None): """Load a new collection, firing events based on prior like membership. Appends instances in ``values`` onto the ``new_adapter``. Events will be fired for any instance not present in the ``existing_adapter``. Any instances in ``existing_adapter`` not present in ``values`` will have remove events fired upon them. :param values: An iterable of collection member instances :param existing_adapter: A :class:`.CollectionAdapter` of instances to be replaced :param new_adapter: An empty :class:`.CollectionAdapter` to load with ``values`` """ assert isinstance(values, list) idset = util.IdentitySet existing_idset = idset(existing_adapter or ()) constants = existing_idset.intersection(values or ()) additions = idset(values or ()).difference(constants) removals = existing_idset.difference(constants) appender = new_adapter.bulk_appender() for member in values or (): if member in additions: appender(member, _sa_initiator=initiator) elif member in constants: appender(member, _sa_initiator=False) if existing_adapter: for member in removals: existing_adapter.fire_remove_event(member, initiator=initiator) def prepare_instrumentation(factory): """Prepare a callable for future use as a collection class factory. Given a collection class factory (either a type or no-arg callable), return another factory that will produce compatible instances when called. This function is responsible for converting collection_class=list into the run-time behavior of collection_class=InstrumentedList. """ # Convert a builtin to 'Instrumented*' if factory in __canned_instrumentation: factory = __canned_instrumentation[factory] # Create a specimen cls = type(factory()) # Did factory callable return a builtin? if cls in __canned_instrumentation: # Wrap it so that it returns our 'Instrumented*' factory = __converting_factory(cls, factory) cls = factory() # Instrument the class if needed. if __instrumentation_mutex.acquire(): try: if getattr(cls, "_sa_instrumented", None) != id(cls): _instrument_class(cls) finally: __instrumentation_mutex.release() return factory def __converting_factory(specimen_cls, original_factory): """Return a wrapper that converts a "canned" collection like set, dict, list into the Instrumented* version. """ instrumented_cls = __canned_instrumentation[specimen_cls] def wrapper(): collection = original_factory() return instrumented_cls(collection) # often flawed but better than nothing wrapper.__name__ = "%sWrapper" % original_factory.__name__ wrapper.__doc__ = original_factory.__doc__ return wrapper def _instrument_class(cls): """Modify methods in a class and install instrumentation.""" # In the normal call flow, a request for any of the 3 basic collection # types is transformed into one of our trivial subclasses # (e.g. InstrumentedList). Catch anything else that sneaks in here... if cls.__module__ == "__builtin__": raise sa_exc.ArgumentError( "Can not instrument a built-in type. Use a " "subclass, even a trivial one." ) roles, methods = _locate_roles_and_methods(cls) _setup_canned_roles(cls, roles, methods) _assert_required_roles(cls, roles, methods) _set_collection_attributes(cls, roles, methods) def _locate_roles_and_methods(cls): """search for _sa_instrument_role-decorated methods in method resolution order, assign to roles. """ roles = {} methods = {} for supercls in cls.__mro__: for name, method in vars(supercls).items(): if not util.callable(method): continue # note role declarations if hasattr(method, "_sa_instrument_role"): role = method._sa_instrument_role assert role in ( "appender", "remover", "iterator", "linker", "converter", ) roles.setdefault(role, name) # transfer instrumentation requests from decorated function # to the combined queue before, after = None, None if hasattr(method, "_sa_instrument_before"): op, argument = method._sa_instrument_before assert op in ("fire_append_event", "fire_remove_event") before = op, argument if hasattr(method, "_sa_instrument_after"): op = method._sa_instrument_after assert op in ("fire_append_event", "fire_remove_event") after = op if before: methods[name] = before + (after,) elif after: methods[name] = None, None, after return roles, methods def _setup_canned_roles(cls, roles, methods): """see if this class has "canned" roles based on a known collection type (dict, set, list). Apply those roles as needed to the "roles" dictionary, and also prepare "decorator" methods """ collection_type = util.duck_type_collection(cls) if collection_type in __interfaces: canned_roles, decorators = __interfaces[collection_type] for role, name in canned_roles.items(): roles.setdefault(role, name) # apply ABC auto-decoration to methods that need it for method, decorator in decorators.items(): fn = getattr(cls, method, None) if ( fn and method not in methods and not hasattr(fn, "_sa_instrumented") ): setattr(cls, method, decorator(fn)) def _assert_required_roles(cls, roles, methods): """ensure all roles are present, and apply implicit instrumentation if needed """ if "appender" not in roles or not hasattr(cls, roles["appender"]): raise sa_exc.ArgumentError( "Type %s must elect an appender method to be " "a collection class" % cls.__name__ ) elif roles["appender"] not in methods and not hasattr( getattr(cls, roles["appender"]), "_sa_instrumented" ): methods[roles["appender"]] = ("fire_append_event", 1, None) if "remover" not in roles or not hasattr(cls, roles["remover"]): raise sa_exc.ArgumentError( "Type %s must elect a remover method to be " "a collection class" % cls.__name__ ) elif roles["remover"] not in methods and not hasattr( getattr(cls, roles["remover"]), "_sa_instrumented" ): methods[roles["remover"]] = ("fire_remove_event", 1, None) if "iterator" not in roles or not hasattr(cls, roles["iterator"]): raise sa_exc.ArgumentError( "Type %s must elect an iterator method to be " "a collection class" % cls.__name__ ) def _set_collection_attributes(cls, roles, methods): """apply ad-hoc instrumentation from decorators, class-level defaults and implicit role declarations """ for method_name, (before, argument, after) in methods.items(): setattr( cls, method_name, _instrument_membership_mutator( getattr(cls, method_name), before, argument, after ), ) # intern the role map for role, method_name in roles.items(): setattr(cls, "_sa_%s" % role, getattr(cls, method_name)) cls._sa_adapter = None if not hasattr(cls, "_sa_converter"): cls._sa_converter = None cls._sa_instrumented = id(cls) def _instrument_membership_mutator(method, before, argument, after): """Route method args and/or return value through the collection adapter.""" # This isn't smart enough to handle @adds(1) for 'def fn(self, (a, b))' if before: fn_args = list( util.flatten_iterator(inspect_getfullargspec(method)[0]) ) if isinstance(argument, int): pos_arg = argument named_arg = len(fn_args) > argument and fn_args[argument] or None else: if argument in fn_args: pos_arg = fn_args.index(argument) else: pos_arg = None named_arg = argument del fn_args def wrapper(*args, **kw): if before: if pos_arg is None: if named_arg not in kw: raise sa_exc.ArgumentError( "Missing argument %s" % argument ) value = kw[named_arg] else: if len(args) > pos_arg: value = args[pos_arg] elif named_arg in kw: value = kw[named_arg] else: raise sa_exc.ArgumentError( "Missing argument %s" % argument ) initiator = kw.pop("_sa_initiator", None) if initiator is False: executor = None else: executor = args[0]._sa_adapter if before and executor: getattr(executor, before)(value, initiator) if not after or not executor: return method(*args, **kw) else: res = method(*args, **kw) if res is not None: getattr(executor, after)(res, initiator) return res wrapper._sa_instrumented = True if hasattr(method, "_sa_instrument_role"): wrapper._sa_instrument_role = method._sa_instrument_role wrapper.__name__ = method.__name__ wrapper.__doc__ = method.__doc__ return wrapper def __set(collection, item, _sa_initiator=None): """Run set events. This event always occurs before the collection is actually mutated. """ if _sa_initiator is not False: executor = collection._sa_adapter if executor: item = executor.fire_append_event(item, _sa_initiator) return item def __del(collection, item, _sa_initiator=None): """Run del events. This event occurs before the collection is actually mutated, *except* in the case of a pop operation, in which case it occurs afterwards. For pop operations, the __before_pop hook is called before the operation occurs. """ if _sa_initiator is not False: executor = collection._sa_adapter if executor: executor.fire_remove_event(item, _sa_initiator) def __before_pop(collection, _sa_initiator=None): """An event which occurs on a before a pop() operation occurs.""" executor = collection._sa_adapter if executor: executor.fire_pre_remove_event(_sa_initiator) def _list_decorators(): """Tailored instrumentation wrappers for any list-like class.""" def _tidy(fn): fn._sa_instrumented = True fn.__doc__ = getattr(list, fn.__name__).__doc__ def append(fn): def append(self, item, _sa_initiator=None): item = __set(self, item, _sa_initiator) fn(self, item) _tidy(append) return append def remove(fn): def remove(self, value, _sa_initiator=None): __del(self, value, _sa_initiator) # testlib.pragma exempt:__eq__ fn(self, value) _tidy(remove) return remove def insert(fn): def insert(self, index, value): value = __set(self, value) fn(self, index, value) _tidy(insert) return insert def __setitem__(fn): def __setitem__(self, index, value): if not isinstance(index, slice): existing = self[index] if existing is not None: __del(self, existing) value = __set(self, value) fn(self, index, value) else: # slice assignment requires __delitem__, insert, __len__ step = index.step or 1 start = index.start or 0 if start < 0: start += len(self) if index.stop is not None: stop = index.stop else: stop = len(self) if stop < 0: stop += len(self) if step == 1: if value is self: return for i in range(start, stop, step): if len(self) > start: del self[start] for i, item in enumerate(value): self.insert(i + start, item) else: rng = list(range(start, stop, step)) if len(value) != len(rng): raise ValueError( "attempt to assign sequence of size %s to " "extended slice of size %s" % (len(value), len(rng)) ) for i, item in zip(rng, value): self.__setitem__(i, item) _tidy(__setitem__) return __setitem__ def __delitem__(fn): def __delitem__(self, index): if not isinstance(index, slice): item = self[index] __del(self, item) fn(self, index) else: # slice deletion requires __getslice__ and a slice-groking # __getitem__ for stepped deletion # note: not breaking this into atomic dels for item in self[index]: __del(self, item) fn(self, index) _tidy(__delitem__) return __delitem__ if util.py2k: def __setslice__(fn): def __setslice__(self, start, end, values): for value in self[start:end]: __del(self, value) values = [__set(self, value) for value in values] fn(self, start, end, values) _tidy(__setslice__) return __setslice__ def __delslice__(fn): def __delslice__(self, start, end): for value in self[start:end]: __del(self, value) fn(self, start, end) _tidy(__delslice__) return __delslice__ def extend(fn): def extend(self, iterable): for value in iterable: self.append(value) _tidy(extend) return extend def __iadd__(fn): def __iadd__(self, iterable): # list.__iadd__ takes any iterable and seems to let TypeError # raise as-is instead of returning NotImplemented for value in iterable: self.append(value) return self _tidy(__iadd__) return __iadd__ def pop(fn): def pop(self, index=-1): __before_pop(self) item = fn(self, index) __del(self, item) return item _tidy(pop) return pop if not util.py2k: def clear(fn): def clear(self, index=-1): for item in self: __del(self, item) fn(self) _tidy(clear) return clear # __imul__ : not wrapping this. all members of the collection are already # present, so no need to fire appends... wrapping it with an explicit # decorator is still possible, so events on *= can be had if they're # desired. hard to imagine a use case for __imul__, though. l = locals().copy() l.pop("_tidy") return l def _dict_decorators(): """Tailored instrumentation wrappers for any dict-like mapping class.""" def _tidy(fn): fn._sa_instrumented = True fn.__doc__ = getattr(dict, fn.__name__).__doc__ Unspecified = util.symbol("Unspecified") def __setitem__(fn): def __setitem__(self, key, value, _sa_initiator=None): if key in self: __del(self, self[key], _sa_initiator) value = __set(self, value, _sa_initiator) fn(self, key, value) _tidy(__setitem__) return __setitem__ def __delitem__(fn): def __delitem__(self, key, _sa_initiator=None): if key in self: __del(self, self[key], _sa_initiator) fn(self, key) _tidy(__delitem__) return __delitem__ def clear(fn): def clear(self): for key in self: __del(self, self[key]) fn(self) _tidy(clear) return clear def pop(fn): def pop(self, key, default=Unspecified): __before_pop(self) _to_del = key in self if default is Unspecified: item = fn(self, key) else: item = fn(self, key, default) if _to_del: __del(self, item) return item _tidy(pop) return pop def popitem(fn): def popitem(self): __before_pop(self) item = fn(self) __del(self, item[1]) return item _tidy(popitem) return popitem def setdefault(fn): def setdefault(self, key, default=None): if key not in self: self.__setitem__(key, default) return default else: return self.__getitem__(key) _tidy(setdefault) return setdefault def update(fn): def update(self, __other=Unspecified, **kw): if __other is not Unspecified: if hasattr(__other, "keys"): for key in list(__other): if key not in self or self[key] is not __other[key]: self[key] = __other[key] else: for key, value in __other: if key not in self or self[key] is not value: self[key] = value for key in kw: if key not in self or self[key] is not kw[key]: self[key] = kw[key] _tidy(update) return update l = locals().copy() l.pop("_tidy") l.pop("Unspecified") return l _set_binop_bases = (set, frozenset) def _set_binops_check_strict(self, obj): """Allow only set, frozenset and self.__class__-derived objects in binops.""" return isinstance(obj, _set_binop_bases + (self.__class__,)) def _set_binops_check_loose(self, obj): """Allow anything set-like to participate in set binops.""" return ( isinstance(obj, _set_binop_bases + (self.__class__,)) or util.duck_type_collection(obj) == set ) def _set_decorators(): """Tailored instrumentation wrappers for any set-like class.""" def _tidy(fn): fn._sa_instrumented = True fn.__doc__ = getattr(set, fn.__name__).__doc__ Unspecified = util.symbol("Unspecified") def add(fn): def add(self, value, _sa_initiator=None): if value not in self: value = __set(self, value, _sa_initiator) # testlib.pragma exempt:__hash__ fn(self, value) _tidy(add) return add def discard(fn): def discard(self, value, _sa_initiator=None): # testlib.pragma exempt:__hash__ if value in self: __del(self, value, _sa_initiator) # testlib.pragma exempt:__hash__ fn(self, value) _tidy(discard) return discard def remove(fn): def remove(self, value, _sa_initiator=None): # testlib.pragma exempt:__hash__ if value in self: __del(self, value, _sa_initiator) # testlib.pragma exempt:__hash__ fn(self, value) _tidy(remove) return remove def pop(fn): def pop(self): __before_pop(self) item = fn(self) # for set in particular, we have no way to access the item # that will be popped before pop is called. __del(self, item) return item _tidy(pop) return pop def clear(fn): def clear(self): for item in list(self): self.remove(item) _tidy(clear) return clear def update(fn): def update(self, value): for item in value: self.add(item) _tidy(update) return update def __ior__(fn): def __ior__(self, value): if not _set_binops_check_strict(self, value): return NotImplemented for item in value: self.add(item) return self _tidy(__ior__) return __ior__ def difference_update(fn): def difference_update(self, value): for item in value: self.discard(item) _tidy(difference_update) return difference_update def __isub__(fn): def __isub__(self, value): if not _set_binops_check_strict(self, value): return NotImplemented for item in value: self.discard(item) return self _tidy(__isub__) return __isub__ def intersection_update(fn): def intersection_update(self, other): want, have = self.intersection(other), set(self) remove, add = have - want, want - have for item in remove: self.remove(item) for item in add: self.add(item) _tidy(intersection_update) return intersection_update def __iand__(fn): def __iand__(self, other): if not _set_binops_check_strict(self, other): return NotImplemented want, have = self.intersection(other), set(self) remove, add = have - want, want - have for item in remove: self.remove(item) for item in add: self.add(item) return self _tidy(__iand__) return __iand__ def symmetric_difference_update(fn): def symmetric_difference_update(self, other): want, have = self.symmetric_difference(other), set(self) remove, add = have - want, want - have for item in remove: self.remove(item) for item in add: self.add(item) _tidy(symmetric_difference_update) return symmetric_difference_update def __ixor__(fn): def __ixor__(self, other): if not _set_binops_check_strict(self, other): return NotImplemented want, have = self.symmetric_difference(other), set(self) remove, add = have - want, want - have for item in remove: self.remove(item) for item in add: self.add(item) return self _tidy(__ixor__) return __ixor__ l = locals().copy() l.pop("_tidy") l.pop("Unspecified") return l class InstrumentedList(list): """An instrumented version of the built-in list.""" class InstrumentedSet(set): """An instrumented version of the built-in set.""" class InstrumentedDict(dict): """An instrumented version of the built-in dict.""" __canned_instrumentation = { list: InstrumentedList, set: InstrumentedSet, dict: InstrumentedDict, } __interfaces = { list: ( {"appender": "append", "remover": "remove", "iterator": "__iter__"}, _list_decorators(), ), set: ( {"appender": "add", "remover": "remove", "iterator": "__iter__"}, _set_decorators(), ), # decorators are required for dicts and object collections. dict: ({"iterator": "values"}, _dict_decorators()) if util.py3k else ({"iterator": "itervalues"}, _dict_decorators()), } class MappedCollection(dict): """A basic dictionary-based collection class. Extends dict with the minimal bag semantics that collection classes require. ``set`` and ``remove`` are implemented in terms of a keying function: any callable that takes an object and returns an object for use as a dictionary key. """ def __init__(self, keyfunc): """Create a new collection with keying provided by keyfunc. keyfunc may be any callable that takes an object and returns an object for use as a dictionary key. The keyfunc will be called every time the ORM needs to add a member by value-only (such as when loading instances from the database) or remove a member. The usual cautions about dictionary keying apply- ``keyfunc(object)`` should return the same output for the life of the collection. Keying based on mutable properties can result in unreachable instances "lost" in the collection. """ self.keyfunc = keyfunc @collection.appender @collection.internally_instrumented def set(self, value, _sa_initiator=None): """Add an item by value, consulting the keyfunc for the key.""" key = self.keyfunc(value) self.__setitem__(key, value, _sa_initiator) @collection.remover @collection.internally_instrumented def remove(self, value, _sa_initiator=None): """Remove an item by value, consulting the keyfunc for the key.""" key = self.keyfunc(value) # Let self[key] raise if key is not in this collection # testlib.pragma exempt:__ne__ if self[key] != value: raise sa_exc.InvalidRequestError( "Can not remove '%s': collection holds '%s' for key '%s'. " "Possible cause: is the MappedCollection key function " "based on mutable properties or properties that only obtain " "values after flush?" % (value, self[key], key) ) self.__delitem__(key, _sa_initiator) # ensure instrumentation is associated with # these built-in classes; if a user-defined class # subclasses these and uses @internally_instrumented, # the superclass is otherwise not instrumented. # see [ticket:2406]. _instrument_class(MappedCollection) _instrument_class(InstrumentedList) _instrument_class(InstrumentedSet)